Israel Is Considering For Their Easy Sailing Economy

Israel, also known as the Holy Land. Most people only recognize Israel for the history of the City and for becoming allies with America. What most people do not know is the impact of foreigners in their economy. Israel is considering for their easy sailing economy. Israel currently has a modern market economy and excels in natural gas that was discovered off shore. Local business are supported by continuous high technology startups per capita. In 2013 Israel ranked ninetieth as one of the highly-developed countries compared to over 187 nations. Their current GDP is $299.42 billion dollars. In the past four years, the unemployment rate has dropped by 2.8% due to the job opening provide by the local government. Israel relies off of many†¦show more content†¦In the past 20 years Israel has had an increase in annual exports raise about $20 million and $1.2 million over the past four years. Nearly 2.8% of the country s GDP is derived from agriculture. Of a total labor force of 2.7 million, 2.6% are employed in agricultural production while 6.3% in services for agriculture One of the top industries that impact Israel’s economy the most is the tourists. Tourists come from all over to visit Israel. Most of the attractions include religious places, archeological items, and the almost unlimited sunshine aspects such as the various seas including the Galilee, Mediterranean, Dead Sea, and many more. In the years of 2000 Israel was topped as one of the top 3 most visited cities. They opened their doors to over 3 million travelers a year. Travelers enhanced the foreign currency earnings of $2.8 billion in 2006, i.e. 5 percent of the income from all exports and 16.8 percent of the export of services, With the impact of the visitors it provides 80,000 more jobs and adds nearly 85% to the currency. Despite economic prosperity, the Israeli economy faces many challenges, some are short term and some are long term challenges. On the short term its inability to duplicate its success in the telecommunication industry into other growing industries hampers its economic outlooks. Its inability to foster large multinational companies in the last decade also calls into question its abilityShow MoreRelatedDoing Business in Curacao Essay14368 Words   |  58 Pagesmultinational investors. This guide was prepared to better acquaint potential investors with the business climate in Curaà §ao. The information contained in the following pages was comprised through the mutual efforts of many people in vital sectors of the economy. Their effort in making this guide as concise as possible is appreciated. The guide is not intended to be all encompassing, yet it serves as a good reference to the Curaà §ao business environment. If further information should be required, please doRead MoreStephen P . Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAutonomy Needs Around the Globe 210 Self-Assessment Library What Are My Course Performance Goals? 214 Point/Counterpoint Fear Is a Powerful Motivator 229 Questions for Review 230 Experiential Exercise Goal-Setting Task 230 Ethical Dilemma The Big Easy? 230 Case Incident 1 It’s Not Fair! 231 Case Incident 2 Bullying Bosses 231 8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model 240 The Job Characteristics Model 240 †¢ How Can Jobs BeRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesschoolchildren find resources via Internet searches rather than card catalogs in school libraries. Today’s consumers also live in what has been called an increasingly â€Å"flat world† in which IT linkages across emerging, developing, and developed economies help to â€Å"level† the economic playing field (Friedman, 2005). Citizens across the globe may have access to world news online. Geographical positioning systems not only help travelers find the best route to their destination but can also facilitateRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesHandling a Grievance 364 Learning an HRM Skill: Negotiation Skills 365 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 365 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395 Subject Index 398 Unionizing Employees 349 Collective Bargaining 350 Preface The sailing crew on the cover faces many of the same goals and challenges as any organization in our unpredictable business environment. Success and possibly survival depend on a well designed boat with a carefully selected and thoroughly trained crew that understandsRead MoreCloud Computing Security67046 Words   |  269 Pagessketch out the rough data flow for any options on your acceptable list. This is to insure that as you make final decisions, you’ll be able to identify risk exposure points. Conclusions You should now understand the importance of what you are considering moving to the cloud, your risk tolerance (at least at a high level), and which combinations of deployment and service models are acceptable. You should also have a good idea of potential exposure points for sensitive information and operations.Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesmatter of which side has a longer list of reasons. Weighing means considering how much youd gain or lose if one of the consequences were to occur. Also, you should consider how probable it is that a particular consequence would really occur. Dont give much weight to a possible consequence that is one in a million. More precisely stated, the procedure of weighing the pros and cons is a decision procedure that requires (1) considering the possible courses of action (pack up and hike back out, stayRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageshigher the market share of a firm, the higher its profitability); firm capital intensity (assuming that the more a firm is automated and up-to-date in technology and equipment, the more profitable it is); size of the firm in assets (assuming that economies of scale and efficiency can be used in large firms to increase profitability); industry average return on sales (assuming that firms would reflect the performance of a highly profitable industry); and the ability of managers to effectively manageRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagessometimes used here to assess current and future directions. Opportunities and threats are the flip sides of each other. That is, a threat can be perceived as an opportunity, or vice versa. Examples of perceived external threats could be a slowing of the economy, a maturing life cycle, exchang e rates, or government regulation. Typical opportunities are increasing demand, emerging markets, and demographics. Managers or individual firms have EXHIBIT 2.1 Characteristics of Objectives S M A R T SpecificRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesAppendix C: Developing Discovery Skills Notes Index Acknowledgments About the Authors 241 245 249 261 269 283 295 100092 00a 001-014 INT r1 go.qxp 5/13/11 9:53 AM Page 1 Introduction I It’s the lifeblood of our global economy and a strategic priority for virtually every CEO around the world. In fact, a recent IBM poll of ï ¬ fteen hundred CEOs identified creativity as the number-one â€Å"leadership competency† of the future.1 The power of innovative ideas to revolutionize industries

Macbeth and the Jacobean Scot Free Essays

In Macbeth, the Jacobean Scot, and the Politics of the Union, Sharon Alker and Holly Faith Nelson demonstrate a well-informed opinion of the relation between the idea of the Jacobian Scot and it’s arguable relation, or lack thereof, to William Shakespeare’s Elizabethan play, Macbeth. Though many scholars find it easy to draw a connection between the traditional Jacobian Scot that was typically presented in Elizabethan plays during the Jacobian era, Alker and Nelson seek to highlight the ambiguous nature of the play by demonstrating the various ways in which it can be read and/or interpreted. Not only this, but Alker and Nelson also manage to shed light on the conflicting aspects of Macbeth in relation to it’s connection with Jacobean ideas and portrayals of Scots at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth and the Jacobean Scot or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the time that Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, is thought to have been performed in 1606, a huge change was making it’s way across what we now refer to as Great Britain. During this time, the former king of Scotland, James VI, became the king of England as a result of the Union of Crowns, following the death of his cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England. This union caused much friction between Scotland and England, as many English felt imposed upon and thought the Scottish to be inferior and somewhat barbaric in their ways. Due to the attitudes of many English people towards the Scottish during the Elizabethan era, the Scottish were most often characterized as people who were opposed to what was thought to be â€Å"legitimate† authority by the English, along with being represented as lesser than and in need of subordination to the English. The typical ‘stage Scot’ was often portrayed as dualistic, lacking in loyalty, and intrusive of other’s property in their relentless ambitions for power. However, there were three different views regarding the union of England and Scotland. One English view thought that English systems and such should be most prevalent across Britain, while another view (mainly called for by Scots) looked to equality by maintaining political and religious institutions separately. The third view, held mostly by those who supported King James, sought for a unity â€Å"in the hearts and minds of the two peoples. Due to the fact that Macbeth is thought to have been performed in the time between the proposal of these 3 policies and the actual implementation of any new policies, many critics believe that the play is a direct representation of English views of the ‘Jacobian Scot’. In contrast to this idea, Alker and Nelson would like to â€Å"demonstrate that Shakespeareâ €™s Macbeth does not present a particular position on the Anglo-Scottish politics that defines itself in relation to the belief system of one small political body†. Instead, Alker and Nelson did a more flexible reading of the play that consisted of possible relations to any of the three models of the union. First of all, Alker and Nelson bring the character of Macbeth into consideration, as he is not only the main character of the play, but also natively Scottish. Although Macbeth does seem to maintain all the traditional characteristics of a Jacobian Scot: disloyal, subordinate, and barbaric, Alker and Nelson point out the characteristics of Macbeth that stand in complete contrast to this traditional model. To begin with, the traditional stage Scot would never possess noble values such as loyalty, kinship, and hospitality. However, in Shakespeare’s play the Scottish character of Macbeth, though troubled and duplicitous, is read to possess such qualities somewhere in the make-up of his conscious. This is apparent in Macbeth’s back-and-forth notions of whether or not to kill the king and gain power or preserve his loyalty to the king and maintain his integrity as one of Duncan’s kin. Although Macbeth ultimately proves to allow evil and selfishness to rule his decisions, the agonizing consideration of right and wrong that Macbeth struggles through prior to murdering Duncan shows that Macbeth is not simply a barbaric creature driven solely by greed and desire. Rather, Macbeth is seen working through his conflicting desire for power and his code of honor and sense of respect for the king. The typical stage Scot normally would not embody such qualities as guilt and/or remorse. Also, there is a hint that Macbeth may not fully understand his own desires and actions, as he was not initially driven by the idea of power when the witches first prophesized his coming kinghood. Instead, it was Banquo who first displayed excitement and anxiousness at the witches’ prophecy and spurred later excitement and ambition in Macbeth. Along with Banquo, Lady Macbeth is portrayed to having been more ambitious towards ideas of power and kingship than Macbeth originally was. This aspect of the play hints at the fact that Macbeth was aided, or led to his violent ways, rather than singularly contriving an evil murder plan against the king. The traditional portrayal of the stage Scot would be that of stubborn, insistent, uncivilized, and unconcerned with duties or issues of loyalty. In the case of Macbeth, he was more or less guided into such characteristics as he was governed by his wife’s unrelenting desire for power in order to first summon up such murderous notions and ideas. The typical stage Scot would have possessed these qualities initially, without the need of any sort of encouragement. In conclusion, the character of Macbeth in Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, as Alker and Nelson would argue, stand in contrast to the role of the typical Jacobian Scot that was predominately presented in Elizabethan plays. Though Macbeth ultimately possessed many of the characteristics that the traditional Jacobian Scot would possess, he also held many contradictory characteristics. Where Scots were typically portrayed as immoral and barbaric, lacking any sense of guilt and/or consideration for others, Macbeth is portrayed as a less-stubborn, remorseful character that is filled with anxiety and logical dualism over any sort of misdeed or wrong doing he considers. Therefore, although Macbeth may be read as a villainous and selfish character driven by greed and other characteristics thought to have been attributed to Scottishness, he can also be read as a regretful and conscious-stricken man whose inner-turmoil is the result of conflicting instincts of morality and of power. How to cite Macbeth and the Jacobean Scot, Papers

The beginning of my lie Essay Example For Students

The beginning of my lie Essay During my childhood and adolescent years I grew up in very small town. I can remember thinking that I knew everyone and that everyone knew me, and if the truth were known, the majority of them did. I guess this is where you could say that my memories of literacy began. As a child I can remember myself, and many other members of my community not having the literacy skills that most of those who visited or passed through our town did. The folks that passed through were proper whereas those of us who lived in the town seemed as if we had never been outside of our little town, ever. You hear people joke about using words such as: aint, wont to, arentcha, and so forth. Well, those were actual words used on a day-to-day basis in my hometown, and lets not forget all the double negatives used. As a child I can remember using the same words myself. It wasnt until I began to meet people outside of my circle of friends and neighbors that I realized that not only was our town small and living back in the 1950s still, but the majority of our citizens were uneducated adults who did not know any better. I became interested in books at an early age I would say. While all my friends were outside playing in the woods or riding go carts I would be inside looking at Highlight magazines or reading some of the books that my mother had bought for me at a yard sale one Saturday. I can remember the day that my parents bought my sister and I a set of encyclopedias, which came with two bonus sets. One set was a childrens set of encyclopedias and the other was a set of 8-thick, colorful hardback books. My sister and I just sat there as my parents put them in a glass stand that my mother had. One by one the put them in as while doing so they told each of us that inside each book contained many adventures for us to embark upon. I can remember loving those books so much. I can remember reading them even when I didnt have to look something up from them in school. There was such a sense of security and safety behind those books that I could look through them for hours upon hours, and then racing to beat my sister at telling my parents what I had read about. In our hometown we had three schools, a primary school, an elementary school, and a middle school. When it was time for high school you would have to go to the next town and go to highschool there. When it was my turn to go into highschool I elected to go into another school district so that I could play on a softball team with my friends that I had met the summer before. When I began going to school there I often felt embarrassment at the way the I talked and the way that everyone made fun of my accent. For awhile I even chose not to speak at all unless asked to. I was so embarrassed of the way that I felt. For the first time I was ashamed of where I grew up and the way that I spoke. I learned quickly that I had to change my vocabulary. I worked hard in my classes, especially English to get where I felt I needed to be to fit in again. As time progressed I ended up excelling in my English classes and in the end English was my favorite subject. My last two years of highschool was shaped around AP lit classes, which I was very proud of and so was my family. .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 , .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .postImageUrl , .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 , .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:hover , .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:visited , .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:active { border:0!important; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:active , .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07 .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ddcb7738c6669f2bfbbc4004e950f07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Knowledge Manegment Systems EssayAfter graduating from high school I immediately went to college at Florida State University on an academic scholarship and was happy with my accomplishments thus far. Being the first child in my extended family to attend college was a big step. I did not want to disappoint my father, mother, or grandparents. I worked hard and did very well in my first two years of college as well. As time passed at FSU I became bored and decided to transfer closer to home. I soon found UNF to be my new academic home. After completing my associate in arts degree I declared my major to be secondary English education. This major has at times been difficult for me to explore but I have often been overly rewarded with new thoughts and insights. I feel that my current literacy is much more than I had ever expected it to me. Sometimes I still get embarrassed though when I go home and talk to people in my hometown. They do not understand what I am saying and well lately I can not understand what they are saying, but I would much rather be where I am today, then where I might be had my parents not been interested in the importance of my education

Mississippi Burning Essays - Films, Mississippi Burning,

Mississippi Burning Mississippi Burning is a truly well-crafted movie about three civil rights workers, two of them white and the third black, who were murdered in Jessup County, Mississippi in 1964. This happens in the middle of the civil rights movement. Mississippi Burning is a rivetting drama based on a shocking true story. I feel Mississippi Burning is a great movie displaying the hateful ways of the south in the sixety's. The movie starts out with the three civil rights workers driving through Jessup County. They noticed that they were being followed by two cars. One of the mysterious cars started to ram the workers' vehicle, and they then desperately attempted to escape their attackers. When it seemed they had lost their assailants, the driver noticed a siren and lights. He pulled over only to be greeted by racial slurs and an eventual bullet to the head. All three workers were executed. Mr. Ward and Mr. Anderson are the two F.B.I. agents called up for the missing people case. They enter the town and ask around if anyone knows anything about the workers. When confronting the Sheriff and deputies, Ward and Anderson are greeted with hostility and sarcasm from the Sheriff's Deputy, Clinton Pell. When they question the Sheriff, Roy Stukey, he trivializes the case, proclaiming that the three workers were probably in Chicago, laughing at all the fuss they made. Ward and Anderson clash throughout the movie, they both have different ideas on what to focus on. Ward is in his late twenty's, and has been assigned supervisor of the case. He goes by the book and likes to follow proper procedure. Anderson is in his early 50's and from the south. He likes to get information any way possible. Anderson feels some resentment to Ward because he wasn't put head of the case. Ward and Anderson started to interview the black townsfolk about who killed the three boys, the violence escalated. Black churches were burned down and barns were set afire. Some of the blacks who said anything were beaten. One boy was locked in a chicken cook in the middle of a cotton field. Most of the black people refused to say anything, but the ones who did blamed the corrupt Sheriff's Department. Ward decides to call for more men. After enough asking around, the F.B.I. agents discover that the civil rights workers' car in a swamp, half-way submerged. Ward calls for one hundred more men to help comb through the area and for support on the case. This greatly outrages the Sheriff's Department, the Mayor, and many of the townspeople. It even brings country wide media coverage on the case. Throughout all of this, even more burnings occur, and the crimes become even more heinous. Ward and Anderson do some checking on the sheriff's and his deputies, and discover that Clinton Pell is one of the leaders of a local Klan branch. They question him, but he denies everything. The violence level is at an all time high. Lynching even occurs. Eventually, the bodies of the three civil rights workers are found in the swamp. The whole ordeal heats up quickly, with more evidence mounting up against the Sheriff's Department. Ward lets Anderson start to do more things his way, and starts to ruthlessly intimidate his suspects. They know that it would be impossible to convict any of the suspects in a state court, so they go after them for civil rights violations. After detaining one of the men, Lester Cowens, they scare him into giving them seven names. Two of them Sheriff Stuckey and Deputy Clinton Pell. Cowens says that Stukey and another man, Clayton Townley, another KKK leader, planned the murders but were not actually at the scene of the crime. Six out of the seven were convicted of civil rights violations. The sentencing went as follows. Frank Bailey (a bartender, trigger man): Ten years in federal prison. Lester Cowens: Three years in federal prison. Floyed Swiley: Seven years in federal prison. Clinton Pell: Ten years in federal prison. Sheriff Ray Stuckey: Acquitted of all charges. Wesley Cooke: Seven years in federal prison. Clayton Townley: Ten years in federal prison. Mississippi Burning had great visuals. It wasn't so much the special effects, but just the way it presented itself. The

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel Free Online Research Papers In the early part of Brunels life, the use of railways began to take off as a mean of transport for passengers and goods. This demand for railway expansion greatly influenced Brunels involvement in stretching railways across Britain. This resulted in the railway bridges. In 1833, before the Thames Tunnel (Brunel’s tunnel) was complete, Brunel was appointed chief engineer of the Great Western Railway, one of the wonders of Victorian era. The railway ran from London to Bristol and afterwards was expanded to Exeter. At the time of Brunel, there were 100 rich families whom practically owned everything. Their eldest sons were in the House of Lords and their sons in The House Of Commons. Things then started to change. The Company for the Great British Railway was founded at a public meeting in Bristol in 1833, and was included by Act of Parliament in 1835. Brunel made two decisions: to use a broad gauge of 7ft for the track, which he believed would make the trains go at high speeds. His decision to use broad gauge for the line was controversial because almost all British railways in the country had used a standard gauge of 4 81/2 feet. Brunel said that this was nothing a carry-over from the mine railways that George Stephenson had worked on. Even before the Great Western Railway was opened, Brunel was moving on to his next project: transatlantic shipping. He used his standing to convince his railway company employers to build the Great Western, at the time by far the largest steamship in the world. The ship first sailed in 1837. The Great Western was 236 ft long, made of wood, and propelled by sail and paddlewheels. Her first return trip to New York City took just 29 days, compared to two months for a sailing ship. In total, 74 goings to New York were made. The Great Britain was made in 1843 and was much larger at 322 ft long; she was the first iron-hulled, ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Building on these two successes, Brunel made a third ship in 1852, even larger than both of the others, and intended for trips to India and Australia. The Great Eastern was ‘cutting-edge technology’ for her time: almost 700 ft long, fitted out with the most luxurious activities and capable of carrying over 4,000 people. She was designed to be able to cruise under her own power non-stop from London to Sydney and back since engineers of the time were under the thought that Australia had no coal, and she remained the largest ship built until the 19th century. However, this soon ran over budget. Research Papers on Isambard Kingdom BrunelThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemLifes What Ifs

All About Ellipses

All About Ellipses All About Ellipses All About Ellipses By Mark Nichol Three dots. Dot, dot, dot. What could be simpler? Then why do those dots make so many writers dotty? The rules for use of ellipses are not as simple as they seem. But they are manageable. First, a definition: An ellipsis (from the Greek word elleipsis also the source of ellipse, meaning â€Å"an oval† is an elision of words that can be implied to mentally complete a statement; it can also mean â€Å"a sudden change of subject.† But the meaning we seek is another one, the grammatically mechanical one: Ellipsis and its plural form, ellipses, also refer to the punctuation marks signaling elision. (That word, from the Latin term elidere, means â€Å"omission.†) Despite the second meaning of ellipsis mentioned above â€Å"a sudden change of subject† ellipses are not recommended for this function. Ellipses signal, in addition to elision, a faltering or trailing off (in which case they are sometimes called suspension points), but to prepare the reader for an abrupt break or interruption in thought, use an em dash. The primary function of an ellipsis is to omit one or more inconsequential words from a quotation, as in this version of a sentence from above: â€Å"Despite the second meaning of ellipsis mentioned above, . . . ellipses are not recommended for this function.† (Note that punctuation, like the comma in this example, may be retained or introduced to aid comprehension.) Each dot is preceded and followed by a letter space. Word-processing programs have a single-character ellipsis, but this character, or three dots with no letter spaces, looks cramped and ugly; use the period key. Ellipses should not be introduced at the beginning or end of a quotation; however, if the source material includes ellipses in one or both locations, retain the characters. If an entire sentence is elided, four periods should be inserted between the framing sentences. The first, which immediately follows the last word of the preceding sentence, is the period ending that sentence. The other three, spaced as mentioned above, constitute the ellipsis. Note this example: â€Å"Three dots. . . . What could be simpler?† If a final portion of a sentence is elided, follow the ellipsis with a period after a letter space. The same technique is applied in the case of a comma or a semicolon. This elision of the preceding sentence illustrates: â€Å"If a final portion of a sentence is elided, follow the ellipsis with a period . . . . The same technique is applied in the case of a comma or a semicolon.† If an entire paragraph is elided, end the previous paragraph with an ellipsis following the period ending the final sentence; if, within a multiparagraph quotation, the beginning of a paragraph other than the first one is elided, begin the paragraph starting with the elision with an indented ellipsis. The two four-dot examples above illustrate the only two cases in which more than three dots should appear in sequence; an ellipsis always consists of three dots, but it may be preceded or followed by a period. A sequence of four or more dots otherwise appearing together is considered an unprofessional-looking error and should be avoided by any serious writer. An ellipsis may also be employed when a sentence is deliberately incomplete: â€Å"Hamlet’s ‘To be or not to be . . .’ speech† (though this could also be rendered without ellipsis) or â€Å"If I were you . . . ,† when the missing words are not considered necessary to aid in communicating meaning. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?Confusing "Passed" with "Past"8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

ANTH100 Take-Home Essay Final Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ANTH100 Take-Home Final - Essay Example Notably, the Hutterites fall under the chiefdoms organizational structure. Indeed, the Hutterites fall under chiefdom where they adopt a centralized political system. The Hutterites accommodates different levels of leadership, which includes God’s leadership, preachers and councils, and the community (Anthropology, n.y). Indeed, Hutterites men and women operate in two separate subcultures in the colony where men are superior (Peaceful Societies, 2013). Furthermore, there are more than 50,000 Hutterites living in different colonies (Peaceful Societies, 2013), where they farm, raise livestock, and produce manufactured goods for sustenance (Hutterites.org, 2012). The Hutterites believes that God has established a hierarchy of relationships, with the lower always obeying the higher and the society respects the authority of God (Peaceful Societies, 2013). In case of disagreements, individuals settle the dispute between themselves. Where the dispute persists, the preachers or other church members intervene (Peaceful Societies, 2013).  These aspects defi ne chiefdom. Various studies seek to determine the time of origin of modern human language. As a result, various results from the studies are subject to examination in reference to determining the time of origin of modern human language. Notably, there have been examinations on biological evidence, cultural evidence, natural evolution hypothesis (Vajda, n.y), and the language phonemic diversity to estimate a minimum date for the origin of language (Perreault & Mathew, 2012). Notably, the numerous studies seeking to determine the time of origin of modern human language did not establish a universal conclusion. Nevertheless, the studies suggest that modern language originated only once (Wade, 2011). Further analysis suggests that modern human language originated from southern Africa (Wade, 2011). These findings relate

DEAF COURSE QUESTIONS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DEAF COURSE QUESTIONS - Coursework Example (True) 7) 50% of children are born to hearing parents, 50% to deaf parents. (False) 8) Deaf people are less intelligent because the lack of speech affects thinking. (False) 9) Amy Rowley, who requested an interpreter for her education, was a Deaf student whose case was the first Supreme Court decision on IDEA. (True) 10) Deaf mothers usually use more touch and visual contacts with their babies . (True) Alexander Graham Bell: b) had a Deaf wife and mother but never supported American Sign language. American Sign Language: b) is a natural means of communication for Deaf people that has its own unique grammar independent from English. Who was/is a famous Deaf individual? c) Marlee Matlin Educators and other professionals decided at the Milan congress in 1880: b) Sign language will be prohibited among all Deaf people and in all schools around the world. Martha’s Vineyard was: c) an island where everyone spoke Sign language in the 19th century due to the large number of hereditary deaf people 1. Do Deaf people have their own culture? If yes, describe the various expression of Deaf culture. If not, explain why not? Deaf people do have a culture which is called ‘Deaf Culture’. ... Deaf people also consider sign as their first language, which in America is American Sign Language (ASL). Deaf people also have their own folklore which they tell each other in ASL. Deaf people are usually very open and blunt. In deaf culture, people greet each other with a hug. Deaf communities also have their own â€Å"Deaf Olympics† and deaf people also participate in performing arts and activities such beauty pageant as well as social interactions for Deaf people. 2. What is the difference between American Sign language, Signed Exact English and cued speech? Describe the similarities and differences in grammar, creating signs (words), and lexicon. American Sign Language (ASL) is the most commonly used sign language in United States. It grammar is totally unique from that of English. It lacks the use of tense and number as well as articles that are commonly used in English, and has its own elaborate grammatical features that are not present in English. On the other hand, th e Signed Exact Language (SEE) is an artificial system that attempts to visually represent English languages through codes. Though based on ASL, not only it modifies the ASL hand shapes in order to represent English more accurately, it also contains new signs for representing morphemes which may be dropped by the signer. Cued Language (CL) is neither and sign language, nor a coded system for English. Rather, it acts as a way of communicating in English using signs by making sounds visible to the hearing impaired. CL is not restricted to English language only and has been adapted to 25 languages and dialects. 3. Various authors described language, social, and personal Deaf identities. McKee added that Deaf people identify with the Deaf world. What are the

Child Labor Essay Example for Free

Child Labor Essay Child labor in the Philippines has been a problem since the early twentieth century. However in 1946 the Philippines claimed its independence from American Rule and became a Republic. This allowed the Philippines to make their own child labor laws. One significant law was the power of the Secretary of Labour to grant a special work permit for the employment of a child whose employment is otherwise prohibited. This allowed any child to work. In the years 1953 and 1960, the Philippines ratified three international conventions adopted by the International Labour Organization, relating to child labour. These conventions made laws that prohibits the employment of children in industry during night time, fixes the minimum age of employment for industry at 15 years but allowed younger children to be employed in undertakings in which only members of the employers family are employed, provided that such work are not dangerous to the life, health or morals of the children employed, and required the medical examination of children as a pre-requisite to employment and their subsequent re-examinations (Aldaba, 2004). Even with these laws in affect child labor continues to be a problem in the Philippines. Poverty is the main reason due to which children under the age of 18 years are compelled to work in dangerous and life threatening conditions. The work that the children have to do range from agricultural, to production, to service trades. These dangerous conditions consist of environmental, chemical, ad physical hazards. Children in agriculture are exposed to heavy loads, chemicals used for fertilizers and pesticides. Factory child workers risk other injuries and death from accidents caused by modern machineries and from the lack of protective mechanisms (The Philippine Campaign). These all seriously affect the lives of these children. (Aldaba, 2004) While many people believe the issues of child labor in the Philippines are due to political or economical issues, they are actually do to social issues. There are long standing work and ethical traditions that are followed within Filipino communities. One centuries old tradition is that children are impelled to work from an early age because they must work to compensate as much as possible for the economic burden that they put on the family (The Philippine Campaign). This shows that despite laws preventing child labor, Filipino communities feel that it is ethically important to have children work. Another reason why children work is the failures in the education system(The Philippine Campaign). Instead on mandating that all children must go to school, the Filipino government allows the families to decide. Most families would rather have their children working and bringing in an income, than going to school. (Aldaba, 2004). These sorts of social factors can be seen throughout the rest of the world. In many countries (Costa Rica, Thailand, Sri Lanka), the minimum working age is lower than the required age of compulsory education (Child Labor). So like in the Philippines, these children are encouraged to work rather than pursue an education. When impoverished children are allowed to work legally, they will often abandon school to better their familys condition (Child Labor). This also correlates to the long standing Filipino tradition of children having to work to lessen the burden they put on their families. Just like in the Philippines, social issues of child labor are prevalent throughout the world. (Aldaba, 2004).

Caring About Our Environment Essay examples -- Environment Ecology Nat

Caring About Our Environment Improving and maintaining the earth’s environment is becoming a more important task every day of our lives. Due to ignorance and frequent carelessness, this important task is quickly becoming a critical one. For this reason, I took it upon myself to construct a strategic plan to enlighten my peers to the problems of our environment. I did this in hopes that it would encourage everyone to act responsibly towards improving and maintaining the environment. With ongoing threats to the earth’s water supply, atmosphere, and surface, I found it necessary to devise a method of environmental enlightenment. I plan to apply this method at my place of academic study, The University. If supported by the faculty and staff and approached with confidence and determination by the student body, I am convinced that our environment on campus would undergo a drastic improvement. As a nation, we are facing many different problems with our environment. Two of the most important focuses are conserving our water supply and protecting the ozone layer. These two ...

Cell Phone Advertisement

Cell phones nowadays have become symbol of independence – for our youth that mobile phone helps them to develop their own language and social groups away from the prying eyes of their parents. It has become Status Symbol or what people say Fashion statement – It is a way that people wear their phone in a style, color, cost and features and feel that a phone can enhance their looks. Although mobile phones have long been a part of the business community, they are quietly becoming entrenched in personal lives. Cell phones play a crucial role in relationships among a group of young people, Mobile phones also influence the trend toward relaxing the traditional amount of contact permitted before marriage. Cell phone is also in the use of people who are working 24/7 environment and always remain on the go. It is privacy and not mobility that matters. Most youth have cell phone conversations in their bedroom. Lets have a look on few needs of new breed (Youth) that have been forcing them to get addicted to this cell phone night packages, the need to make their identity and to build â€Å"social and emotional ties†. The shrinking size of present day families explain why the youth today feel the need to communicate with virtual brothers and sisters. Youngsters have been using cell phones to form friendships and social groups away from their families, feeling that these phones give them privacy that they would not otherwise have. As cell phone use becomes even more widespread, communication between parents and their kids may become even more impersonal. The saying â€Å"romance is in the air† appears to be true. In today’s world, it is mobile phones which are carrying the messages of love. Youngsters are using mobile phones to maintain personal and romantic relationships. Grabbing our new generation, these free night packages services provided by our Cellular Companies have become a great pleasure/encouragement to people like who aren’t responsible at all, it seems they are announced to spoil the future of our youth, just give it a thought which kind a people avail these services and what they do? Whole night they spent in useless, ungraceful conversation it’s all beyond morals. The immature generation has become addicted to avail these kind a packages. These kind portable platform providers are taking away our youth from family/Cultural/Traditional/Religious values, they don’t even care about their health though they know how these RF radiation would be harmful as for as continuous use is concerned. The Cellular Companies should make some standards so they can provide such services which can be of use to make the youths future bright and should consider the social impact before announcing any such service, they should offer some M-Learning (Mobile Learning) services they are behind the race of announcing free night packages, low rates for one special number. No doubt most of the parents are equally responsible for this attitude in our new generation, in previous era what kind of environment we have had at homes —-sitting together in TV-Lounges , One time/place to sit and eat together no friends/outings in late night, but this fast life where people are to avail luxurious lifestyle parents themselves arrange separate rooms equipped with individual TV, personal Computer with high speed Internet connection and a latest model of any famous brand of Mobile handset though its of no use to them at around certain age , yup parents are equally responsible they should be responsible they should keep eye on their children’s activities, what kind a friends they are making how they are progressing academically how they are spending time. The youth is less responsible than their parents is what I think, they are availing what they have in their access and they have no one over them to restrict or make them understand what is good to go for and what is wrong to avail. The generation gap between parents and children’s is not the main issue because its more than the gap, its about basics of raising good children. True that bad habits or friendships existed before this direct and private source of communication too but its all starts right from your basic education that our youth is getting at Home. So the message goes to parents: make your kids to avail good morals and talk to them on every matter to give them better understandings of what is right and what is wrong.

A Change in My Life

I have endured many changes in my life and many of them have happened over the past six years. Here are some examples of the changes I have gone through that lead up to the greatest change of my life graduating high school, getting married to the love of my life, loosing my grandfather, and having my son. But none of those changes could prepare me for the greatest change in my life that I had to go through, and that happened on November 19, 201. What started as a typical Saturday morning with a visit with my parents would not end that way. My eighteen year old brother Wilson Gaut was staying the night with a friend of his Friday night and was suppose to be home Saturday morning well we had not heard from him and my mother asked me to call him to see if he wanted to her to hold breakfast for him. Well there was no answer so we went on about our morning and about ten minutes past and she told me to call him back and I did still no answer. At this point I went and began to get my clothes on and I heard my mother yelling and my stepfather telling her to calm down . Then she went to yelling for me and my car keys. When she opened the door I could tell she had been crying but I did not know what was going on. I went running after her and my stepdad told me to go with her after we got in the car she still had not told me what was going on. My mother began telling me to call my family members for example my grandmother and my aunt. My grandmother did not answer so I was told to have my aunt call her until she got an answer. We got to Upper Fort Hapton Road and I saw the rescue unit on in the road directing traffic and we told them that we were with family of the child, I still had no idea what happened. We topped the hill and I could see the fire trucks and ambulance I had then figured out that my brother was hurt. I saw a white sheet on the side of the road covering a body and I knew it was my brother but at that point it did not hit me. I did not sink in until I heard the police officer say to my mother, â€Å"Ma’ma I am sorry to say but your son, he did not make it. † My mother turned to me at that moment and started to tell me and I just hit the ground and started crying saying â€Å"no, not my baby brother!!! † Little did I know that, that day November 19, 2011 would be the worse day of my life, the day my life would change forever and the day my baby brother would be eighteen forever.

Managing Conflict in Groups

Managing Conflict in Groups Here are 5 steps to solve the problem in a team. Read what conflicts are the most problematic and how to manage them. Interpersonal conflicts in organizational settings is a favorite topic for academic  study  and discussion, and for good reason: in any group, particularly in a work setting where the things people have in common on a  personal  level are likely somewhat limited, there will inevitably be conflict. And that is not exactly a bad thing; conflict can lead to innovation and new ideas, and the organization that runs too smoothly often finds itself becoming stagnant. Too many conflicts, however, can quickly lead to chaos and cause serious harm to the organization and its people if they are not managed properly. Problems Faced by Students at School Managing conflict – preventing it when possible, and resolving it productively when necessary – requires an understanding of the nature  of a conflict, the reasons which caused this conflict and the different forms it can take. The necessary prerequisite to being able to manage conflict is understanding the people involved; positions or demands aired in a dispute or argument among team members are manifestations of different interests – the fundamental needs and perspectives that lead people to take their particular points of view. Assessing the roles of people in groups can provide helpful insights. The type of conflict must also be correctly identified. Task or objective conflicts are conflicts about how to accomplish particular activities or goals. These kinds of conflicts can be seriously disruptive, but in general are easier to resolve than the second type of conflict, the relational conflicts, which are a clash of personalities. Conflicts between people on a personal level can be extremely difficult to manage  because they introduce a number of ethical hazards for the manager, who must be careful to very clearly relate solutions of a personal nature to job objectives, procedures, and requirements. How People React to Conflicts Every person will respond to a conflict with someone else in one of five basic ways: Avoidance Accommodation Competition Compromise Collaboration One thing that is misleading about much of the available literature on team dynamics and conflict management is that there is a common assumption that any person will have just one of these responses. That assumption makes it a bit easier to develop models of conflict resolution in academic research, but in the real world, people are inconsistent; the quiet technician who is quick to be accommodating to someone with a difference of opinion this time may come out swinging the next time a dispute arises. Much of an individual’s response to a conflict depends on the context, so the first objective of the manager/mediator in a dispute is to gather all the facts. Fortunately, the skills required to do this effectively – active listening and balanced communication – are the same ones that help defuse many conflicts before they even start. 5 Steps to Solve the Conflict in Your Team Step 1. As a manager thrusts into the role as a conflict mediator, you should start by asking two basic questions of everyone involved in the conflict: What is the disagreement about? How does this disagreement impact the objectives of the organization? Because it is a dispute, you will likely hear several different answers to both questions. That’s okay at this point, because the goals here are first, to gather the information you need to understand what is happening, and second, to compel the parties to the conflict to think through the problem themselves to clearly and accurately describe their positions. Step 2.  The next step is to gather everyone who has a stake in the outcome of the conflict. That may mean including some who have not spoken up (i.e., those practicing the avoidance strategy), and it may mean firmly telling some who have no real part in the dispute to go mind their own business. Once the people who are important to resolving the conflict are gathered together, clearly explain what successful  resolution of the conflict will be. Consensus, or common agreement among all concerned, is a good goal to aim for, but in reality a unanimous decision is probably unlikely; instead, a compromise representing the â€Å"highest common denominator† – a solution that meets as many of the group members’ interests as possible at the same time – is a more realistic objective. The important thing is to clarify what success will mean before the discussion begins; the team members will then have realistic expectations of the outcome and will be more inclin ed to reconsider and modify their individual positions as the conversation proceeds. Step 3. Once this is done, the next step – notice that the discussion of the actual problem has not even begun yet – is to agree on the way in which the discussion will be conducted. This might sound a bit silly, but it serves a very good purpose and saves time in the long run. It is a natural reaction of people when given the opportunity to take part in designing a process, even one as simple as the conduct of a group discussion, to strive for the process to have a successful or expected outcome. Step 4. In whatever manner the group decides to approach the rest of the discussion, the next stage is to define the problem. This is one part of conflict resolution where unanimity is necessary; quite often, teams will discover that they do not all have the same understanding of the issue they disagree on due to miscommunication or misinterpreted information. Simply clarifying the problem can ease tensions, and may even be a solution in itself; if not, at least it returns the team to a state of â€Å"working together† by providing a common focus. Step 5. The final and most time-consuming phase of the conflict resolution process is gathering and assessing possible solutions. Everyone with a position in the dispute obviously has a solution in mind; otherwise, there would be no conflict. Each of these potential solutions needs to be assessed by the group to answer three basic questions: Which solution is the most advantageous to the organization? Which solution is the most advantageous to the individuals concerned? Which parts of those two solutions (if they are not already the same) are common? The Art of Effective Problem Solving In general, with a perhaps a few minor changes here and there, the best solution to the problem causing the group conflict will be the set of common parts between the organization- and individual-favoring solutions the group is able to develop. Good references on conflict management and resolution: M.A. Rahim, Managing Conflict in Organizations (3rd ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books, 2001. H. Fogler and S. LeBlanc, Strategies for Creative Problem Solving (2nd ed.).   Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2008

The Word is Careless

The Word is Careless The Word is Careless The Word is Careless By Maeve Maddox This comment on a site offering tips to writers brought me to a stop: Does your writing suffer from waaaay too many em-dashes? Incareful authors often use them in place of a comma†¦ The standard negative form of careful is careless: full of care, and without care. If a writer had a reason to form the negative with a prefix, the one to use with careful would be un, not in. With a few exceptions, the negative prefix -in is used with words of Latin origin. The word care is from Old Engish carian, cearian be anxious, grieve; to feel concern or interest. But, theres no need to bother with uncareful because we already have the word careless. Here are some examples of the form incareful infesting the web: But often enough, incareful work causes hazards. The configuration scheme is infinitely flexible, and apparently has enough sharp edges for the incareful geek to hurt himself upon. However, incareful reading can lead the impression that there are inconsistencies, There is little or no opportunity to save what might be a good and even ground-breaking proposal sunk by the inexperience or incareful reviewing of one person. †¦people who were incareful enough to get caught doing what a lot of men do every day†. Most of the time a man will feel incareful if he is being unwanted in any way. (This writer may have been reaching for uncared for.) I suspect that the popularity of the nonword incareful may have something to do with an unconscious feeling that it sounds less judgmental than careless. Some synonyms for careless: absent-minded cavalier foolhardy heedless impetuous inattentive incautious irresponsible negligent reckless remiss Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindOne Scissor?

U09d1 Sarah and Michael Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U09d1 Sarah and Michael Case Study - Essay Example s good, there is a conflict on interest in the case as the couple have already decided how they would prefer to spend their last days and it is a personal will rather than one forced by others. It is also clear by law that an individual has the rights to make a decision for how they aim to spend their last few days. This is one of the few issues that have been presented in the case. Secondly, the end – of – life directive enables the medical assistance to discuss the wish of the parents with the children. This however is a major issue as the cases are generally very sensitive and discussing this with the children can prove to be very difficult. This is mainly because the amount of stress, trauma and emotional distress that children and family members go through when an elderly person is ill is very high. Hence it would be difficult for the health care providers to convey the news as well as the family members to hear the news of the will of the parents. This again causes a second of ethics in the case (Garrett, Baillie, & Garrett, 2009). Considering the end of life decision in my life or for someone I know, I feel that it is incorrect to allow anyone to take the decision to end the life of others. This is inappropriate and is completely inhuman. A person should be given the right to live as long as they can and as long as their body is able to accept the life. Using technology to keep a person alive or trying to kill a person against the flow of nature is not right and should not be accepted anywhere in the world. Life is given to all and mercy killing is not ethical in any manner and should not be permitted. Giving an end – of – life decision for someone irrespective of whether it is a mother or father of brother or sister is incorrect and is against the law of nature. Hence it is essential that this is not provided as an option ever as according to the ACA code of Ethics it has clearly been presented that, ‘counsellors must strive to take measures

Vocabulary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vocabulary - Assignment Example First, the teacher will make sure that the students sit at the front of the class, where they can hear as much as possible of what the teacher is saying. Secondly , the teacher will speack with as high voice as possible and thirdly, the teacher will speack to the students individually, to confirm that they have heard and understood what is being talked about and what is expected of them. The teacher will explain to the students that they will take a test on their sentence construction skills to see how good they are in creating sentences with vocabulary. The teacher will explain the significance of this test and explain to the students that they will then get to learn how to construct senstrnces and have a retest. The teacher will explain what is about to be done by the student. The teacher will also give a brief background so that the student can connect what they have learnt in the past with what they will learn in this particular lesson. To begin with, the teacher will introduce the book as follows; Today we have a new chapter that we are going to learn. The topic is interesting and everyone is going to enjoy this. In the past, you guys learned about English vocabulary and even learned the meanings of these vocabulary. Today, you are going to use these vocabulary to build sentences. This should be interesting for you because sooner than you know, you will be writing interesting stories. The book we are going to read is not new to you but the chapter we are going to read may be new to you. I dont know whether any of you have tried to read ahead of the teacher and gone to chapter seven of 2nd Language Acquisition and the Younger Learner? (wait for the class to respond and act accordingly) After that, the teacher will ask the students to open chapter seven of the book, where the teacher will give a number of examples on how to construct senstences, and then ask the students to do the same. The teacher will explain to the students the

The China Decade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The China Decade - Assignment Example What is more, the article also looks at the issue of state censorship which is very much in place in China, and the effects that this has on the government’s initiatives, especially in light of the large population that is online. As an example, the article pinpoints the blast as an illustration of an instance where the government tried to use censorship to hide free information flow. Nonetheless, the population is savvy enough and constantly finds ways of avoiding the censorship and getting online. The article follows a logical organization pattern, starting off with a foundation in the Tianjin explosion, before building on this and looking at the various economic factors that resulted from the explosion. From this point, the article continually develops on facts and issues one after the other, evaluating the economic implications of each factor that is analyzed. The author then looks at the importance of domestic consumption for the nation, and the reasons why the slightest shifts in national factors result in widespread discontent that ultimately affects the overall economy. This is particularly important since the nation is heavily reliant on exports as the main factor for economic growth. The author also alternates between highlighting positive points that give China an edge over other economies, and emphasizing those points that are limiting its economic growth. One is able to get a neutral position of the situation in China, and this gives a better perspective for gaining insight from the entire article.

Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer Information Technology Essay

Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer Information Technology Essay Todays networks are typically very stable. The problem is they arent static. Management and users are constantly demanding new technologies, new services, and better performance, which inevitably require changing infrastructure, deploying new applications, and dealing with security. And in the process network administrator needs to control IT costs and minimize disruption to the organization and also need to be able to clearly see all aspects of network to accurately assess the impact of adding new technologies and services and to make sure it is delivering maximum performance. And now-a-days there are wide variety of software and hardware products available that help network system administrators manage a network. Network management covers a wide area as well as local area network which mainly based on three different principles, which are : Performance: reduce blockage in the network. Reliability: keeps the network and the services that the network provides up and available for all the users .It includes monitoring the network to spot problems as soon as possible, ideally before users are affected. Security: Makes the network protected from unauthorized users and outside world. Functions that are execute as part of network management accordingly include controlling, planning, allocating, deploying, coordinating, and monitoring the resources of a network, network planning, predetermined traffic routing to support load balancing, cryptographic key distribution authorization, configuration management, fault management, security management, performance management, bandwidth management, analytics. There are a variety of network monitoring tools available in the market to be used depending on the size and requirements of the organisation. OBJECTIVE The intention of this report is to have a in depth study and estimation of network management tools that allow us to observe and manage the performance and function of networks effectively and efficiently, to produce a short report detailing the benefits of implementing Network Management. The tools which have been used in this report are Fluke Protocol Inspector, Wireshark network protocol analyzer, SNMP Browser Utility and Network inspector. FLUKE OPTIVIEW ANALYZER AND WIRESHARK NETWORK PROTOCOL ANALYZER A network protocol analyzer is a vital part of a network administrators toolkit. Network protocol analysis is the truth serum of network communications. If you want to find out why a network device is functioning in a certain way, use a protocol analyzer to sniff the traffic and expose the data and protocols that pass along the wire. Fluke and Wireshark network protocol analyzer offers insights into what is happening not only over the WAN, but also on the local area network (LAN) at each location. Information pertaining to traffic flows, protocols, and even individual data packets can authorize the IT organization responsible for the network to keep it operating at peak performance. Fluke and wireshark are tools to admin computer networks and they helps in monitoring and troubleshooting the network. In addition, they also helps in observe the status of devices, errors, warnings, and changes. Fluke and wireshark, the network analyzers are fast performing and compatible with almost eve ry operating system of windows. To observe the activities and the performance of these network analyzer program, a small network has been assembled: Figure 2.1 TEST NETWORK The minimal equipment for using Protocol Inspector/analyzer to observe the performance and applications of a network properly, is made up of two routers, two switches and two hosts. A class B addressing scheme has been used on the network. Two routers namely R1 and R2 respectively represent two different sites. R1 is using 172.17.0.1/30, R2 is using 172.17.0.2/30 and both the routers are connected through 172.17.0.0/24. To make easily understand only two users have been used. User1 and user2 are respectively on 172.17.1.100 and 172.17.2.100. Summary View of Fluke OptiView Analyzer The program opens in the Summary View. This view shows several windows used by the tool. The Resource Browser window in the upper left corner shows the only monitoring network device. The Monitor View, which is in the main window on the upper right, monitors one resource per window in a variety of viewing options. The Stop (red colour tab) in the upper-left corner of the Monitor View window confirms that no monitoring is occurring. Figure 6.1 Start the Monitor / Capture process To start the monitoring / capturing process, use the Start button or Module -> Start from the menu system. The Utilization chart should start showing activity like the graphic below: Figure 6.2 The word ARM(green colour tab) should appear where Stop had been before. If opening the Module menu, notice that Stop is now an option while Start is muted. The tabs at the bottom of the window show the resulting data in a variety of forms. Click on each and note the result. Transmit (Tx), Alarms, and Alarm Log will be blank. The following is the Received (Rx) frames, which indicates that Broadcast and Multicast frames are being received, but they may not show any Unicasts. Figure 6.3 Using the console connection to the router, ping the monitoring host, and notice that Unicast frames appear. Unfortunately, the errors shown in the third column will not appear in the lab exercise unless a traffic generator like the Fluke Networks OptiView product has been added. Now ,for the Detail View window click on the Detail View button in the toolbar or double click anywhere on the Monitor View chart. This will open a second window that should look something like the following, after maximizing the Utilization / Errors Strip Chart (RX) window. In a detail view there are few options we can see : MAC Statistics Frame size distribution Protocol Distribution Host Table Network Layer Host table Application layer host table Host matrix Network layer matrix Expert view MAC STATISTICS Mac Statistics tells us about the module type and speed used on the system. It provides important information like Network utilization, total bytes of data received. It also provides the different types of frames travelling across the network. Figure 2.2 Mac Statistics As shown in Error: Reference source not found, the total numbers of 1,555 frames were received. Further more there were 152 broadcast frames, 322 multicast frames and 1,081 unicast frames sent over the network. There were no errors found and a total of 122,453 bytes of data was received with an effective 0.003% network utilisation. FRAME SIZE DISTRIBUTION Frames on a network are classified according to size. Frame size distribution tells us the frames across the network and their size. Figure 2.3 FRAME SIZE DISTRIBUTION The picture above shows the frame size distribution over the test network. On the basis of size frames have been classified in to 8 different categories. The maximum average frame size is 65-127. PROTOCOL DISTRIBUTION Protocol distribution tells the number of protocols operating over the particular network and also at what percentage a protocol is working in terms of transferring data. Figure 2.4 Protocol Distribution The figure above shows different types of protocols on the network and the percentage of each protocol on the right of the graph and on the left side are different tabs, by clicking on each one of them an individual percentage of each protocol can be monitored. HOST TABLE Host table gives us a picture of the traffic generation on the network and the MAC address of the devices receiving the traffic. It tells us the maximum traffic host and the minimum traffic host. Figure 2.4 HOST TABLE In the picture above it shows percentage of traffic based on the number of frames coming in to the host. On the right hand side it shows the MAC addresses of the different hosts. It also tells us about the broadcast and the STP traffic. NETWORK LAYER HOST TABLE The Network Layer Host Table tells us about the packets, errors and bytes for each station at network layer. It allows decoding the packets based on their network layer address. So it helps the network managers to troubleshoot at the host level. Figure 2.5 NETWORK LAYER HOST TABLE The figure above shows the packets coming in to the hosts at the network layer based on their IP addresses. It also tells us that there are 5 IP hosts and no IPX hosts on the network.  [1]   APPLICATION LAYER HOST TABLE Application layer host table tracks packets, errors and bytes on an application specific basis. It traces packet activity of a particular application. It helps network managers to monitor bandwidth utilization on the network. Figure 2.6 APPLICATION LAYER HOST TABLE The figure above shows the operation of the different applications by the host. It shows the usage of the bandwidth in percentage by each application. HOST MATRIX Host Matrix shows the communication between two or more MAC addresses/ hosts. Hosts could be talking to more than one host at the same time which can be defined by the graph below: Figure 2.7 HOST MATRIX Figure 2.7 shows different hosts communicating to each other and at what percentage they are sending and receiving data on the network, which helps an engineer in bandwidth allocation to various hosts on the network. NETWORK LAYER MATRIX Network Layer Matrix shows the total data packets between a pair of systems by the network layer protocol. It shows the protocol specific traffic between the hosts. Figure 2.7 NETWORK LAYER MATRIX The figure above shows the conversations between the different pair of hosts. It shows the communication between two IP addresses and their bandwidth utilization. EXPERT VIEW Expert view shows different kinds of data capturing on the network on a single screen where the network engineer can monitor the user activities to make the network more responsive and reliable. Figure 2.8 EXPERT VIEW OVERVIEW Figure 2.9 Expert View of Data Link layer Figure 2.10 EXPERT VIEW OF SESSION LAYER Figure 2.11 EXPERT VIEW OF NETWORK LAYER The figures above show the output of different layers of OSI model. It also shows the protocol distribution across the network and utilisation of the different applications for file transfers like HTTP, ARP and others. It also identifies errors and any broadcast or multicast on the network. PROTOCOL OPERATIONS Network inspector tool is also used to investigate the operation of different protocols like; ICMP TFTP TELNET DHCP RIP/OSPF/IGRP ICMP (internet Control Message Protocol) ICMP stands for Internet Control Message protocol. It is one of the very important internet protocols, it is used by the a network administrators to monitor network connections ICMP SUCCESSFUL PING ICMP is the tool used to check the connectivity also known as PING (Packet Internetwork Gropper) which sends and receives echo request. PING successful means that device is in a reachable distance, when host receives the echo request it reply to it this means the destination is reachable. This process is explained in the figures below Figure 0.1: ICMP ECHO REQUEST Figure 0 .1 shows it is an Echo request by the host 192.168.2.2 to the destination 192.168.1.2 all across the network. Figure 0.2: ICMP ECHO REPLY The Echo reply to the request is shown in the figure above. It is clearly visible that the 32 bit data packet was sent to the host 192.168.1.2 and the source 192.168.2.2 sends it as a reply the host 192.168.1.2 as the same 32 bytes which means no data was lost and both can communicate without loosing any data. ICMP PING TIMEOUT Another common message while trying to ping a host or address is Ping Timeout. Ping times out when destination IP address does not exist, network inspector displays the following result for ping time out. Figure 0.3: REQUEST TIMED OUT Figure 0 .3 shows that when the engineer tries to ping an address which does not exists on the network, ARP protocol broadcasts this request with MAC address FFFFFFFFFFF to find the destination address, but when it does not get any response because the address is not there on the network the Ping Request, Times out after some time. ICMP NETWORK UNRECHABLE Network Unreachable means the network which we are trying to reach is not available for communication. This could happen due to numerous reasons, if the interface is down for some reason, if in case of using RIP it is at a distance more than 15 hops from the source or if the destination address does not exist in the routing table of the router. Fluke network inspector helps network manager to find the reason behind the network failure as explained in the figures below n Figure 0.4: ECHO REQUEST FOR THE IP ADDRESS OUTSIDE THE NETWORK ADDRESS Figure 0.5: DESTINATION UNRECHABLE REPLY Figure 0 .4 explains a network engineer sending an Echo Request to the address 192.168.3.1 which is not within the network and Figure 0 .5 shows if the address is not on the network or routing table of the router it sends a message Host Unreachable. ICMP Ping Time Out is different from ICMP Ping Network Unreachable because when the host sends a data to an address, it then waits for the reply from the destination. If after some time the reply does not come back this means the data is going to the destination address but cannot receive any updates or data from that destination, it displays the message Request Timed out. On the other hand when host sends data to the address which does not has not entry in the routing table of any of the routers, the data will not be sent anywhere and the message comes out as Destination Host Unreachable TFTP TFTP or Trivial File Transfer Protocol is very easy and simple to implement as it takes very less memory. It is a connectionless service that uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol). It is faster than FTP. It is used on routers, switches and some hosts that support TFTP for the purpose of transferring the file. Figure 0.6: TFTP FILE COPYING Figure 0.7: TFTP In the above figure it is clearly visible that the source port is 56882 and destination port is 69 which is used for (Trivial File transfer). This diagram also proves that TFTP uses UDP to transfer of files along the network. In the second portion TFTP is captured where it shows the file transferred is sdm-config. TELNET Telnet is a utility to access a device remotely over the network. It can be used for many purposes. Telnet works with TCP/IP. Whenever we access a device remotely, a connection has to establish using a Three Way Handshake process. ESTABLISHING A TELNET SESSION Synchronization between hosts is done by an exchange of connection establishing segments that carry SYNs. The Synchronization requires each side to send its own (ISNs Initial Sequence Numbers) and to receive a conformation of it in an Acknowledgement (ACK) from the other host. Each host also receives each others ISN and send a conformation as ACK this process is called a Three Way Handshake THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Host A send its ISN (Seq = X) to start the session, it is received by the Host B who then send its own ISN (Seq = Y) and also sends (ACK = X+1) to Host A, when Host A receives the ACK it do the same as Host B adds 1 to the ISN received and send (ASK = Y+1) back to the Host B which establishes the TELNET session (see Figure 0 .72). Sends SYN SEQ = Y ACK = X + 1) Host A Host B Sends SYN (Seq = X) Receive SYN (Seq = X) Receive SYN SEQ = Y ACK = X +1) Sends ACK (ACK = Y +1) Receive ACK (ACK = Y +1) Figure 0.72: THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Diagram taken from CCNA 1 2 Companion Guide Figure 0.8: THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Figure 0 .8 shows the Three Way Handshake. Each host sends an ISN and in reply other host add 1 to it and sends it back as an acknowledgement. Fluke Network Inspector allows network administrator to see this process and monitor any unauthorized attempts. Figure 0.9: FIRST STAGE OF THREE WAY HANDSHAKE In Figure 0 .9 Client sends the request to synchronise its ISN to the telnet server, it then specifies its initial sequence and adds 1 to it. Figure 0.10: SECOND STAGE OF THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Figure 0 .10 shows that the ACK packet has been sent back to the host and at the same time another packet for its SYN has also been sent to establish a connection. Figure 0.11: THIRD STAGE OF THREE WAY HANDSHAKE Figure 0 .11 shows that the server just now received a packet from the host and the connection is now established between them for further more data transfers. DATA CAPTURING Fluke network inspector helps network manager to monitor and capture the data being transferred between the devices once the telnet session is active, though it can be a lengthy process to see the whole data but it can be really helpful in troubleshooting typical problems. Data is captured in only one letter at a time which can be seen in the following diagram. Figure 0.12: DATA CAPTURING In the figure above letter I has been captured which is a part of password while accesing the device remotely. Thus Fluke tool helps network engineer to monitor each and every bit of data travelling across the network. . Figure 0.13: LOGGED ON THROUGH TELNET Figure 0 .13 shows the successful remote log on to the router R2. Now here all the data transferred will be captured by the Fluke tool inspector. TERMINATING A TELNET SESSION Terminating a TELNET connection is a must for security reasons. It again takes Three Way Handshake process. This process can be monitored in Fluke Inspector as we will see this in the diagrams below (see Figure 0 .14). Figure 0.14: FIRST STAGE TERMINATION In Figure 0 .14 the request for the termination of the session has been sent, next figure will show the acknowledgment received by the server. Figure 0.15: SECOND STAGE TERMINATION In Figure 0 .15 server receives the request and sends an acknowledgment for the termination of the session. Figure 0.16: THIRD STAGE TERMINATION Figure 0 .16 shows the third and the last stage of terminating the telnet session. LIMITATIONS OF TELNET TELNET is not very secure process as it is over the internet and the data is not encrypted which can be easily hacked and the information can be lost. Secondly TELNET involves TCP/IP only, and hence is not compatible with other protocols. Unauthorised users can on to log on to the network and can damage the configuration files, which can affect the performance of the network and can result in less reliable network. To prevent this remote access can be restricted to certain ports so that only authorised individual can log on remotely which helps in reducing the chances of and intrusion on the network. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DHCP allows hosts on the network to obtain an IP address dynamically. Network engineer configures a DHCP server for the network defining a pool of IP address to be allocated to a particular range of hosts. Whenever a host requests an IP address, server automatically assigns the address. When a DHCP client comes online it sends a DHCP Discover broadcast message. After sending a DHCP Discover, client moves into a select state. Client then takes the offer from the DHCP server, it then receives the first response and sends the DHCP Request packet and asks for how long it can keep that address without renewing it, then server acknowledges the request and sends DHCP ACK packet. At this stage the client gets into the bound stage and starts using the IP address. The flow chart below (see Figure 0 .17) describes the whole process. Clint Boots Initialize State Select DHCP ACK DHCP Request Request DHCP Discover Bound Figure 0.17: FLOW CHART FOR DHCP Diagram taken from CCNA 1 2 Companion Guide DHCP DISCOVER Protocol Inspector tool can be used to monitor the whole process step by step. Figure 0.18: DISCOVER Figure 0 .18 shows the client has been discovered by a DHCP server by its broadcast. At this point it does not have any IP Address. DHCP OFFER DHCP server makes an IP address offer to the client. Figure 0.19: DHCP OFFER In Figure 0 .19 an offer made by server to accept 192.168.2.3 as an IP address. CLIENT REQUEST A request from the host is sent to the DHCP server for an IP address Figure 0.20: DHCP REQUEST In Figure 0 .20 host negotiates for the lease time for the IP address offered by the DHCP server. DHCP ACKNOWLEDGMENT DHCP server then sends an acknowledgment packet. Figure 0.21: ACKNOWLEDGMENT Figure 0 .21 shows the IP Address 192.168.2.3 has been accepted by the client as new IP address. DHCP RELEASE DHCP server issues an IP address to the client which can been seen in the Figure 0 .22 Figure 0.22: DHCP RELEASE RIP (Routing Information protocol) The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide area networks. As such it is classified as an interior gateway protocol (IGP) using the distance-vector routing algorithm. Devices running RIP sends the information of all the connected devices in the network every 30 seconds to keep the network reachable and connected. RIP has two versions. Fluke network inspector tool tells about the connected routers and the hops, with there IP address. All this information is very useful in troubleshooting. Figure 0.23: RIP ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL Figure 0 .23 explains the routing process. It shows that the port used for routing is UDP 17. Only two routers are connected to each other. It also tells us which version or RIP is running and at what distance both router are as in HOPS COUNT as visible the first one is 1 Hop far from the host and second one is 2 Hops from the host it sends the routing information every 30 seconds. Another thing is that RIP can only support 15 Hops per network. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) This protocol operates at the network layer of the OSI model where it exchanges the management information among the devices installed in the network. It is very clear from its name that this protocol is used to manage network devices such as routers, Switches Hubs, modems, and systems. It is used to monitor different user activities over the network. SNMP helps network engineer to monitor and identify any faults on the network and helps to solve these problem for better connectivity. A network managed by the SNMP consist of the following Managed devices: Devices used on the network such as Routers, Switches Hubs, modems, systems and servers etc. Agents: Agent is software which is used to operate the managed devices. Network-management systems: They provide the processing and memory required for the network management, there can be one or more network-management systems on a managed network GETIF UTILITY The SNMP operation can be monitored by the network engineer with the use of Protocol inspector and a utility called OPTIVIEW using a freely available browser utility called GETIF. GETIF is a network tool which is based on windows GUI; it is very helpful to gather the graphical information of SNMP devices. It provides information like Parameters, Interfaces Connected, Routing Tables, Trace Route and Network length. . GETIF PARAMETERS After loading up the GETIF utility type in the router IP address in the host name box of the parameter window the result will be as following. Figure 0.24: GETIF PARAMETER In Figure 0 .24 it is shown once the router IP Address has been typed in and START button has been pressed in the Parameter Tab of GETIF utility, it gives us the information like the router name and IP Address, router description, and also shows the SNMP port number which is 161. SNMP GET Fluke network inspector tool can be used with GETIF utility to see the data retrieved from SNMP agent. To retrieve this information select MBrowser tab on the GETIF window and then select the SNMP option from the graphical tree, it gives us all the required information shown below. Figure 0.25: SNMP GET SNMP SET When a single item is selected in MBrowser of GETIF utility, start the network protocol inspector to monitor the data transfer. When the name of the router is changed by using GETIF utility it will be shown on the Network Inspector Utility as well SNMP TRAP Fluke Network Inspector tool along with GETIF utility has the ability to diagnose the error on the network, To see the result on the Network Inspector tool if the network engineer can physically take the serial cable out from the router port and disconnect the communication in the network the Network Inspector tool identify this error and displays it on the tools screen for the network engineers urgent attention Figure 0.26: SNMP TRAP In Figure 0 .26 the status of the serial connection is show to down this is due to the serial cable being unplugged from the port. GRAPHYCAL MONITORING IN GETIF This is another option in GETIF utility to monitor the network bandwidth consumption and the percentage of the different protocols. It can be seen in the following figures. Figure 0.27: SNMP GRAPHYCAL MONITORING In Figure 0 .27 two graphs have been shown, in these graphs only ICMP packet has been monitored to show the operation of the protocol. In top half of the fig graph starts from the 0 and then gradually goes up due to the increase in the ICMP PINGs. A sudden drop can also be seen while the graph is increasing this is due to the term Request Timed Out in the ping in the second half you can see the decrease in the graph and this is due to when the pings were cancelled one by one. BENEFITS OF FLUKE NETWORK INSPECTOR TOOL Fluke Network Inspector allows network engineer to provide reliable, and desirable connectivity to the organisation, it saves time and money by effective resource management. It also provide better knowledge to the network engineer about the devices installed on the network which helps to find the faults and fix them easily. Fluke Network Inspector provides a solution for monitoring and analysing the network which can be very helpful to the organisations to get desirable and reliable connectivity of their network. It also allows the network engineer to protect the network from any unauthorized users and gives a freedom of managing the network remotely. Fluke Network Inspector Tool helps in performing major functions of the network management which includes: Fault Management Configuration Management Accounting Management Performance Management Security Management All these functions have been explained briefly in this report FAULT MANAGEMENT The process of identifying, diagnosing a problem on the network and resolving it is called fault management. The problem could be of any kind from faulty cables to defective hardware. In other words, it is a very important for the effective operations of a network and to provide the connectivity among the users of a company, An intelligent network engineer will detect the fault in the network in very less time and fix the problem fast. Fault management is a very reliable tool for providing the connectivity for the network. Fault management is very useful to the network administrator as they can keep an eye on the network from anywhere in the network and resolve the issues quickly. Apart from automatic updates about the fault on the network, network administrator can be informed by the users. Network administrator can send ping packets to identify the problem. If a network administrator cannot reach a certain device remotely like when administrator pings a device and gets no reply there could be number of reasons, fault management helps in finding solution to such problems, so that the network is available all the time. Whenever there is a fault on the network it will be known to the network operator by using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) it also rate the problem as if the problem is of high risk to the network or to the low risk, but will keep on sending information to the network administrator about the fault in the network till the time it has be resolved and will send a notification of error resolved. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT Configuration management is all about handling the configurations of the network devices. It involves maintaining a database of the network devices, and providing reports of the data travelling over these devices. Keeping the record of the configured devices on the network is called configuration management. Configuration management can help a network administrator to install different software for the better communication among the network. The data base of the configuration management includes different entries like, the devices used, the version numbers and the device capabilities. By using configuration management a network administrator can increase the devices on the network, can provide or deny access to the certain number of users or a group on a particular network. Remote sites can be configured by using different techniques, access can be restricted to certain area of the network for specified users, or if required interfaces can be brought down or up by using the configuration. ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT Account management helps in managing the utilization of network resources, which further leads to a more productive network. One of the functions of the accounting management is to distinguish between inter and intra -domain accounting data and route them to the respective device, for the session record containing Network Access Identifier, this packet can be routed by examining the NAI to save this packet to be broadcasted over the whole network and utilizing the bandwidth. Accounting management involves the monitoring of the users activities on the network at an individual or at a group level which helps in providing better communication and also reduces the fault generation which can cause loss of data. It allows network engineer to keep track of the bandwidth utilisation w

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet Essays

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet Ofel: Alas, what a change is this? Ham: But if thou wilt needes marry, marry a foole, For wisemen know well enough, What monsters you make of them, to a Nunnery goe. Ofel: Pray God restore him. Ham: Nay, I have heard of your painting too, God hath giuen you one face, And you make your selues another, --HAMLET, Prince of Denmarke, The First Quarto The title page of the second quarto of Hamlet claims that the text beneath it is "Newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much / againe as it was, according to the true and perfect / Coppie." Taking this at face value, three facts necessary follow: That there is at least one earlier edition (or else this one could not be "newly imprinted...again"); that the earlier edition was shorter (or else this one could not be "enlarged"); and that this quarto does not include some lines from the "perfect Coppie" (since it is "almost as much"). Indeed, a First Quarto exists dated a year earlier (1603); Q1 is shorter some 1600 lines; and the Folio does restore certain seemingly authorial passages. It appears as if "I.R.," the printer, or "N.L.," the publisher, is correct on all possible counts. We cannot even condemn I.R. or N.L. for self-interested advertising. They admit that their copy is "almost," but not quite, "perfect."* Thus we might wish to take seriously one further point that the tit le page tries to make, namely, that the earlier quarto was neither "true" nor "perfect," and therefore is corrupted not simply in its brevity, but also in the presentation of the text which it actually does contain. This would mean that Q1 did not use the "true and perfect Coppie" as its copy-text. It does not seem preposterous to rephras... ...ay. The strategic early placing of the "To be or not to be, I there's the point" monologue gives it less weight than it has in Q2, as if it were the beginning of Hamlet's train of thought as opposed to the turning point we often think it is when we read a modern edition. Indeed, "the point" is more absolute than "the question." Hamlet does not fight with himself to solve a problem, but merely expresses what that problem is. To argue that this is oversimplification is to oversimplify: it is a revision. It is an Elizabethan argument, positing that a truly revengeful Hamlet would definitely shy away from suicide for hope of salvation, while the confused avenger Hamlet would probably shy away from suicide for fear of punishment. That in itself sheds light on the pop psychology of the day, and thus how we ought to read Hamlet's psychology in the context of its time.

The Applying Problems and Resolving to Implement Sustainable Tourism

The applying problems and the resolving to implement sustainable tourism In this day and age, tourism is one of the largest industries, with an increasing number of tourists all around the world. Because of this, there are many impacts on humankind, with both positive and negative sides. Hence, the sustainable tourism, which is the concept of visiting an area as a tourist and trying to make a balance of the social, culture, economic and especially environmental dimensions, is gained in importance.However, Frey & George (2010) describe that this concept seems to play a significant role in tourism field, but only few of tourism businesses are participating in. This essay will examine the reasons and some possible suggestions. It will first explain the overall of the definition of the sustainable tourism. Then the focus moves onto the factors applying the unsuccessfully sustainability in practice and some specific examples.Next, some feasible measures will be provided. Finally, it draws a conclusion on the limited in the concept of sustainable tourism. There are a few definitions of sustainability within the context of tourism, including ecotourism, green travel, environmentally and culturally responsible tourism, fair trade and ethical travel.To most people, sustainable tourism, that is the most important way to success in sustainability, is still not widely understood despite the remarkable growth of the sustainable tourism industry; therefore, Frey & George (2010) has defined the overall meaning and concept of sustainable tourism in their article that is a part of sustainable development, which is the most valuable of economic, social, natural and cultural resources by management, protection, and conservation, and still maintains its unique as long as possible for sustainable development that could create the better experience for responsible visitors.By definition, such the sustainable tourism should reach its objective, but it is not because there are other d ifficulties. First of all, the main reason that leads to the failure of sustainable tourism is the administration and management with involving organizations, including both policy and operational levels such as the authority of tourism and the local community organization. These government agencies are the majority of the sustainable development; however, in recently years, the development always operates by each individual organization especially in developing countries.The challenge to the sustainable tourism development in Turkey is the best example to illustrate this reason. Tosun (2001) shows the conflict between the central and the local government. The former has concerned about the overall development by supports and promotions of the sustainable tourism in order to enchance the better economy. Nevertheless, the latter has their own policies solving the local specifically problems in each area, so they do not want to follow the centralization. As a result of this agrument, the sustainabiliy has to face with the failure.All of above, you can see the important of the collaboration. Subsequently, shifting in carring capacity is not balancing to demands of visitors. The government support the tourism development but supplied are not enough to provided. The best example is the tourism development in Gambia, Thompson, O'Hare, & Evans (1995) find that the Gambia government has encouraged the tourism development because they recognize the charming climate and the beautiful landscape that is attractive for a large number of tourists; eventhough, the resources, such as accommodations, facilities, and natural resources, are limited.Consequently, the tourism has been growing in leaps and bounds in a short time, so the management, including economy, natural resources, administration and investment, facilities development, education, and training, is proposed. By doing this, the spread of drug abuse, enhanced crime rates, increases in prostitution, and the spread o f sexually transmittes diseases are some of the following social problems; as a result of the failure in the development of sustainable tourism (ibid). The scarcity of resources is one of the key problem to develop the sustainable tourism.Another major reason that needs to be taken into account is a cooperation of people in each community with government policies. These people are playing roles that relate to the sustainable touriam in many forms, such as the ownership and supplier of goods and services. The importance of these people might be mechanism in the development of the sustainable tourism. If these people do not cooperate, the development would delay or interrupt. As Ioannides’ (1995) argues in his article about a flawed implementation of the ustainable tourism in Akamas, Cyprus, in this area, the government requires to turn the mass tourism into ecotourism, which is base on the national park area, because of a lack of accommodations and facilities. By the way, the local people do not agree with this policy so the government offers the other alternative tourism such as argotourism. The farmers and agriculturists feel that is unfair to them anymore so they still do not give the cooperation. All of above, there is not only the reasonable government policies, but also consisting the collaboration of the local people.Despite the reasons as mentioned above, some possible sugguestions for sustainable tourism development are also given. One of the most possible way is a collaboration and a integrated tourism plan by balancing the economic, social, and natural resources in the vary progress towards the sustainable tourism, and a analysis how the plan can do in practice (Kernel, 2005). By doing this, the situation could be improved. An another useful suggestion woud be the evaluation about the ability to support the sufficient demands of visitors or limite the number of travellers to visit the country (Fortuny, Soler, Canovas, & Sanchez, 2008).Conseque ntly, the result would allow the balance of the demand and supply suitable for tourism. The further measure to solve this problem is the cooperation of people based at level of individual investment rather than the tourism sector may be effective in more cooperation between the government, local citizens, and tourists (Garrod & Fyall, 1998). Lastly, creating networks and sharing the information and/or guidelines between the countries facing the same crisis can be useful for each other(Kernel, 2005).If all of these sugguestions were implemented, the sustainable tourism could be successful and optimized as long as possible. From the aforementioned problems and solutions of the sustainable tourism, it can be concluded that the most important point is the understanding about the concept of sustainable tourism. Although, there are some factors, such as the lack of resources, the conflict betweeen the central and local government, and the cooperate from the local people, that make the con cept unpracticed as it could.On the other hand, the issues about development and promotion of the sustainable tourism are about the parcticability in real life. If the government and the local people who own the tourism areas had cooperated and shared ideas with multilateral together basing to the goal of the development, and encourage people to wisely consume the resources, it could be an effective way to the sustainability. There are not only the responsibility of the people in each country, but also including the tourists from another country because the sustainable tourism development relies on the cooperating people and the resources.References Garrod, B. and Fyall, A. (1998), Beyond the Rhetoric of Sustainable Tourism? , Tourism Management Vol. 19, No. 3, 199-212 Thompson, C. , O’Hare, G. and Evens, K. (1995), Tourism in the Gambia: Problems and Proposals, Tourism Management Vol. 16, No. 8, 571-581 Tosun, C. (2001), Challenges Of Sustainable Tourism Development in the D eveloping World: The Case of Turkey, Tourism Management 22, 289-303 Ioannides, D. (1995), A Flawed Implementation of Sustainable Tourism: The Experience of Akamas, Cyprus, Tourism Management Vol. 16, No. , 583-592 Fortuny, M. , Soler, R. , Canovas, C. and Sanchez, A. (2007), Technical Approach for a Sustainable Tourism Development: Case Study in the Balearic Islands, Journal of Cleaner Production 16, 860-869 Frey, N. and George, R. (2010), Responsible Tourism Management: The Missing Link between Business Owners’ Attitudes and Behaviour in the Cape Town Tourism Industry, Tourism Management 31, 621–628 Kernel, P. (2005), Creating and Implementing a Model for Sustainable Development in Tourism Enterprises, Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 151–164 The Applying Problems and Resolving to Implement Sustainable Tourism The applying problems and the resolving to implement sustainable tourism In this day and age, tourism is one of the largest industries, with an increasing number of tourists all around the world. Because of this, there are many impacts on humankind, with both positive and negative sides. Hence, the sustainable tourism, which is the concept of visiting an area as a tourist and trying to make a balance of the social, culture, economic and especially environmental dimensions, is gained in importance.However, Frey & George (2010) describe that this concept seems to play a significant role in tourism field, but only few of tourism businesses are participating in. This essay will examine the reasons and some possible suggestions. It will first explain the overall of the definition of the sustainable tourism. Then the focus moves onto the factors applying the unsuccessfully sustainability in practice and some specific examples.Next, some feasible measures will be provided. Finally, it draws a conclusion on the limited in the concept of sustainable tourism. There are a few definitions of sustainability within the context of tourism, including ecotourism, green travel, environmentally and culturally responsible tourism, fair trade and ethical travel.To most people, sustainable tourism, that is the most important way to success in sustainability, is still not widely understood despite the remarkable growth of the sustainable tourism industry; therefore, Frey & George (2010) has defined the overall meaning and concept of sustainable tourism in their article that is a part of sustainable development, which is the most valuable of economic, social, natural and cultural resources by management, protection, and conservation, and still maintains its unique as long as possible for sustainable development that could create the better experience for responsible visitors.By definition, such the sustainable tourism should reach its objective, but it is not because there are other d ifficulties. First of all, the main reason that leads to the failure of sustainable tourism is the administration and management with involving organizations, including both policy and operational levels such as the authority of tourism and the local community organization. These government agencies are the majority of the sustainable development; however, in recently years, the development always operates by each individual organization especially in developing countries.The challenge to the sustainable tourism development in Turkey is the best example to illustrate this reason. Tosun (2001) shows the conflict between the central and the local government. The former has concerned about the overall development by supports and promotions of the sustainable tourism in order to enchance the better economy. Nevertheless, the latter has their own policies solving the local specifically problems in each area, so they do not want to follow the centralization. As a result of this agrument, the sustainabiliy has to face with the failure.All of above, you can see the important of the collaboration. Subsequently, shifting in carring capacity is not balancing to demands of visitors. The government support the tourism development but supplied are not enough to provided. The best example is the tourism development in Gambia, Thompson, O'Hare, & Evans (1995) find that the Gambia government has encouraged the tourism development because they recognize the charming climate and the beautiful landscape that is attractive for a large number of tourists; eventhough, the resources, such as accommodations, facilities, and natural resources, are limited.Consequently, the tourism has been growing in leaps and bounds in a short time, so the management, including economy, natural resources, administration and investment, facilities development, education, and training, is proposed. By doing this, the spread of drug abuse, enhanced crime rates, increases in prostitution, and the spread o f sexually transmittes diseases are some of the following social problems; as a result of the failure in the development of sustainable tourism (ibid). The scarcity of resources is one of the key problem to develop the sustainable tourism.Another major reason that needs to be taken into account is a cooperation of people in each community with government policies. These people are playing roles that relate to the sustainable touriam in many forms, such as the ownership and supplier of goods and services. The importance of these people might be mechanism in the development of the sustainable tourism. If these people do not cooperate, the development would delay or interrupt. As Ioannides’ (1995) argues in his article about a flawed implementation of the ustainable tourism in Akamas, Cyprus, in this area, the government requires to turn the mass tourism into ecotourism, which is base on the national park area, because of a lack of accommodations and facilities. By the way, the local people do not agree with this policy so the government offers the other alternative tourism such as argotourism. The farmers and agriculturists feel that is unfair to them anymore so they still do not give the cooperation. All of above, there is not only the reasonable government policies, but also consisting the collaboration of the local people.Despite the reasons as mentioned above, some possible sugguestions for sustainable tourism development are also given. One of the most possible way is a collaboration and a integrated tourism plan by balancing the economic, social, and natural resources in the vary progress towards the sustainable tourism, and a analysis how the plan can do in practice (Kernel, 2005). By doing this, the situation could be improved. An another useful suggestion woud be the evaluation about the ability to support the sufficient demands of visitors or limite the number of travellers to visit the country (Fortuny, Soler, Canovas, & Sanchez, 2008).Conseque ntly, the result would allow the balance of the demand and supply suitable for tourism. The further measure to solve this problem is the cooperation of people based at level of individual investment rather than the tourism sector may be effective in more cooperation between the government, local citizens, and tourists (Garrod & Fyall, 1998). Lastly, creating networks and sharing the information and/or guidelines between the countries facing the same crisis can be useful for each other(Kernel, 2005).If all of these sugguestions were implemented, the sustainable tourism could be successful and optimized as long as possible. From the aforementioned problems and solutions of the sustainable tourism, it can be concluded that the most important point is the understanding about the concept of sustainable tourism. Although, there are some factors, such as the lack of resources, the conflict betweeen the central and local government, and the cooperate from the local people, that make the con cept unpracticed as it could.On the other hand, the issues about development and promotion of the sustainable tourism are about the parcticability in real life. If the government and the local people who own the tourism areas had cooperated and shared ideas with multilateral together basing to the goal of the development, and encourage people to wisely consume the resources, it could be an effective way to the sustainability. There are not only the responsibility of the people in each country, but also including the tourists from another country because the sustainable tourism development relies on the cooperating people and the resources.References Garrod, B. and Fyall, A. (1998), Beyond the Rhetoric of Sustainable Tourism? , Tourism Management Vol. 19, No. 3, 199-212 Thompson, C. , O’Hare, G. and Evens, K. (1995), Tourism in the Gambia: Problems and Proposals, Tourism Management Vol. 16, No. 8, 571-581 Tosun, C. (2001), Challenges Of Sustainable Tourism Development in the D eveloping World: The Case of Turkey, Tourism Management 22, 289-303 Ioannides, D. (1995), A Flawed Implementation of Sustainable Tourism: The Experience of Akamas, Cyprus, Tourism Management Vol. 16, No. , 583-592 Fortuny, M. , Soler, R. , Canovas, C. and Sanchez, A. (2007), Technical Approach for a Sustainable Tourism Development: Case Study in the Balearic Islands, Journal of Cleaner Production 16, 860-869 Frey, N. and George, R. (2010), Responsible Tourism Management: The Missing Link between Business Owners’ Attitudes and Behaviour in the Cape Town Tourism Industry, Tourism Management 31, 621–628 Kernel, P. (2005), Creating and Implementing a Model for Sustainable Development in Tourism Enterprises, Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 151–164